Compare and Contrast - Cognitive Theorists PS240 WK3 Term Paper

Compare and Contrast - Cognitive Theorists PS240 WK3 - Term Paper Example rder to understand the meaning of the aforementioned statement, one needs to first understand what theory Piaget and Vygotsky presented to the experts in the past. It was Jean Piaget who first presented the idea that a child is not capable of learning any particular activity or understanding certain thoughts unless he is matured enough to do so. His theory advocates the belief that a child matures in â€Å"spurts† and is therefore not a smooth process for the child. Therefore, a child cannot be expected to the mentally mature enough to understand a school curriculum unless his mind is mature enough to grasp the concept and explanation pertaining to his lessons. Although this theory was once formerly accepted as a basis for scheduling a school curriculum, later observations and tests have proven the inaccuracy of this theory due to the continuously evolving and now almost lighting speed grasp of understanding and maturity seen in certain children, regardless of their age. It was Lev Vygotsky who advocated the theory that a child learns more through observation, while working on a Zone of Proximal Development. His theory is that a child is never too young to understand or undertake any task provided that the young individual is supervised and accompanied by an adult during the learning process. This is a theory that is more in line with the currently observed development of the mental and motor skills of various children in different stages of childhood development. Piaget and Vygotsky both presented strong arguments for their cases. However, upon further reading and research, and based upon my own observations as well, I find that Vygotskys theory of child cognitive development is the one which is much closer to the truth in terms of child development. Although a child may have uneven maturity as Piaget pointed out, Vygostkys theory proved that the maturity or growing up process of a child can best be assisted and encouraged by the guiding hand of a caring adult

Bottled Water Essay Example for Free

Bottled Water Essay The trend of carrying and consuming water bottles has expenditly increased in recent years, and its popularity has hit an alltime peak. More and more people are using bottled water because of its easy assecability, and its conveince. Unaware to most, the useage of bottled water has dire effects on the environment, and itself can provide several health risks. Although bottled water can serve as a great convience, the harm it causes to the environment outweights its convience immensly and contrary to popular belief, bottled water is often no healthier than tap water. Despite perceptions that bottled water is healthier than tap water, more times than not, it is not amd bottled water has much more lienant rules when it comes to regulating their water. Bottled water may be no safer, or healthier, than tap water in many countries while selling for up to 1,000 times the price, the World Wildlife Fund said. Bottled water continues to increase its revenue, and is the fastest growing beverage industry in the world, worth up to $22 billion a year. More than half of all Americans drink bottled water, and about a third of the public consumers bottled water on a regular basis. The increased sale of bottled water has been fueled by ads on television or in magazines of luxurious mountains and beauitful glaciers with cyrstal clear springs flowing with the so called purified water. In reality tho, bottled water is not necessarily regulated better or safer than most tap water. The marketing of bottled water is often misleading, implying that water comes from pure springs, when it does not. According to government and industry estmates, about one fourth of botled water is bottled tap water, which is by some accounts as much as fourty percent tap water. The FDAs rules exepmt 60-70 percent of the bottled water that is sold in the United States from the bottled water standards, because FDA said Its rules do not apply to water packed and sold within the same state. The FDA (Food and Drug Administration) is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the regulation and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, dietary supplements, etc. The FDA also expmets carbonated water and many other waters sold in bottles from its bottled water standards, only applying a vague sanitation rule that failed to set any specific contamination limits. Contrary to popular belief, the FDAs rules are weaker in many ways than EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) rules that apply to tap water. The EPA is responsible for protecting human health and the environment by writing and enforcing regulations passed by Congress, and it oversees specially big city tap water. Due to bottled water companies not follwing EPA rules and regulations, their water can be more harmful than tap water. For instance, city tap water can contain no E. coli or fecal coliform bacteria, bacteria that serve as indicators of contamination. The FDA follows no such rule and a certain amount of any type of bacteria is allowed in tap water. Bottled water plants must test for coliform bacteria just once a week, as big city tap water must be tested more 100 times a month. City tap water must meet standards for certain important toxic chemicals such as phthalate, which can come from plastic, including water bottles. On the other hand, bottled water is also exempt from follwoing this rule. Also, cities must test at least once every four months for many chemical contaminants, water bottlers generally must test only annually. Cities must have their water tested by government-certified labs; such certified testing is not required for bottled water. Although bottled water on the surface appeasr to be healthier to drink, it is quite the opposite and stricter rules for the regulation of bottled water should be placed to ensure the safety their consumers. People around the world believe that water is clearner and safer to drink than tap water. This has resulted into a multi-billion industry of retailing bottled water, but consequently leads to millions of water bottles being produced every year. Although these water bottles are recycable, it is not smart to recycle these plastics die to the chemical componets that manufacture them. As a result of mass producing these water bottles, it has a serious effect on the environme and millions of empty water bottles end up in landfills every year. One of the harmful effects it has on the environment is it can cause soil contamination as time passes on, and this is mainly due to the chemical the bottle is made up with. These chemicals contaminate the soil and as a result, can also affect the surrounding plants grwoth because of the contamination. In addition, ground water may end up sinling deeper into the ground and ultimately reaching the ground water reservoir, meaning that natural water resources are being wasted due to the disposal of these water bottles. exclaimed Joe Hartz. Production of plastic used for water bottles take a lot of energy and resources which can also have negative effects on the environment. Professor Alan Hunt said Since there is more power requirements for production means more fossil fuel is potentially used to achieve the production of water bottles. This can lead to heavily draining of fossil fuel resources. Add to that the fact that more energy and resources are needed from production to post production of these water bottles which can be considered as a waste of limited energy resources. Another harmful way water bottles hurt the environment is emit pollutants and as a direct result make the air more hamrful to breathe. The industrial plants in which these water bottles are being made also produce other harmful wastes that are harmful to the environment. Bottled water produces up to 1.5 million tons of plastic waste per year. According to Food and Water Watch,plastic requires up to 47 million gallons of oil per year to produce. And while the plastic used to bottle beverages is of high quality and in demand by recyclers. Also, recent studies have shown The Plastics Symbol no. 7 is a recent concern worldwide on discovery that large numbers of no.7 plastics are made with Polycarbonate plastic which, experimentally were found to leach bisphenol A.This chemical is a known hormonal disruptor causing miscarriages and birth defects according to a study conducted by Case Western Reserve scientists. Although bottled water serves as a great convience, there is many cheap and effective alternatives to carry water and stop the production of water bottles. One way is to buy a distiller or filter to use at home. Distillers are very effective at reducing the levels of most chemicals, except organic chemicals. The distiller boils the water and condenses the steam, removing any contaminants and most chemicals in the process. Filters also serve as a great alternative to bottled water, as it traps particles in a porous material while allowing water to pass through. In this process, it is reducing particles like sand and rust. Although drinking water in the vast majority of homes meets the Environmental Protection Agency’s standards for quality, some homeowners use point-of-use water filtration systems to help reduce certain contaminants. Most typically, carbon filters are installed on faucets or used in pitchers or bottles. Filter devices are relatively inexpensive and the now clean and purified water can be put into a reuseable stainless steel or aluminum water bottle. These reusable bottles are a cheap alternative and puts back the ease, comfort, and convience of a water bottle but without hurting the environemnt in any way. Another way to help prevent bottled water hurting the environment is making it into a deposit. In doing this, it would encourage more people to recycle the water bottles, as only 20 percent of people currently recycle the water bottles. This would help dramtically cut back on water bottles being put into a landfill, and ultimately saving the environment also and putting money back into the consumers pocket. All these alternatives are act as a great alternative, as they do not harm the environemnt, and in the long run actually save the consumer money. Not only does an in-home filter or distiller only censt ten cents a gallon, it also provides a safer taste than bottled water. Some colleges are starting to take note of this, as bottled water is trickling away from college campuses nationwide, due to the effort of passionate students and non-profits groups. In addition to removing bottled water from vending machines, stores and cafeterias, students have pushed for reusable bottle hand-outs, water fountains, and filling stations. Were really trying to make it part of the student culture to carry a water bottle, says Clare Pillsbury, a Senior at Macalester. In conclusion, recent studies have shown the harm and the uncleainess of bottled water simply does not outweight its convience. There are many other alternatives that provide cleaner and healthier water than bottled water does. These alternatives also do not harm the environment, and in the long run actually save the consumer money and better circualate the economy. Filtered water or distilled water provide the consumer with a more than adequate source of water,and at this point and time, there is no better choice for purity and a more economically safer choice than filtered tap water.

Jackson as a President: Yesterday and Today :: American America History

Jackson as a President: Yesterday and Today The Andrew Jackson Administration, from 1829 to 1837, was very important in American history. A self-made man, Jackson exemplified republican virtues by restraining a centralized government and promoting the powers of the people. His administration left a lasting impact on American politics. With his extreme usage of the presidential veto, Jackson strengthened the executive branch and rendered it equal in power to the legislative branch. These Jacksonian ideals of decentralized government can still be seen in politics to this day. Jackson was the first American president to have come from the frontier society of the American West. He was a "one-generation aristocrat" (Hoftstedder, 58) whose ambitions were to be wealthy and receive military glory rather than have political power (although military glory is a good way to gain popular support and political power). Jackson gained 'national hero' status after his military victory at the Battle of New Orleans. This victory, along with wounds from his participation in the Revolutionary War, gave him the popular support he needed for a strong presidency. Although Jackson lost in his first attempt at the Presidency, he quickly learned from his mistakes and won the election of 1828 by 95 electoral votes (Norton, 359). During his administration Jackson was faced with many key issues, of which the Nullification crisis is an example. This was a crisis over the doctrine of nullification, which was being strongly pushed by South Carolina. According to this doctrine, the state had the right to nullify government legislature that was inconsistent with its own. This doctrine was not used until 1832 when a new tariff was imposed that would reduce some duties but retain high taxes on many imports. The south felt this tariff would make them pay for northern industrialism, and they did not want to succumb to the will of the North. Jackson was against this theory of Nullification because he was a strong supporter of the Union. He took action against this by publicly 'nullifying nullification' and by moving troops into South Carolina to help the federal marshals collect the unpaid duties. Finally a compromise tariff was passed in 1833 which increased the number of duty free items and reduced other duties. Jacks on's decisive actions in the Nullification crisis helped define the powers of the central government more clearly, they made it clear to the states that he would not suffer their tyranny, which might break up the Republic, just as the States would not tolerate a tyrannical central government.

Wind Power: The Cheap, Effective and Reliable Energy Source :: Exploratory Essays Research Papers

Wind Power: The Cheap, Effective and Reliable Energy Source In 1996, the Moores were faced with a disturbing problem. A nearby mine owned by Arch Coal had removed the top of a mountain near the town of Blair to access the coal seam beneath. Most residents chose to move out to avoid the "blast rock," or chunks of rock that came raining down after the massive blasts, and the thick chocking dust that filled the town. The Moores, however, stayed. According to Victoria Moore, the conditions were atrocious. The thick dust upset their son's asthma, and the sound of explosions constantly shook the town. "If you were inside, it interrupted your life. If you were outside, it interrupted your life," said Victoria. "...I couldn't sit on my porch without getting dust on me, I couldn't even walk in my grass. I couldn't get in my car. I couldn't even let my kids go out and play." Finally even the Moores were forced to move out (Buying Blair). This Logan County coal mine is one of hundreds across the United States. The majority of the coal from these mines g oes to run coal-fired power plants that provide electricity to homes across America. The sad part of this story really is that it did not need to happen. Now, with massive advancements in wind energy, coal has become largely outdated and ineffective. Instead of removing the top of the mountain near Blair, a wind farm could have been built. Electricity produced from new wind farms is more economical in dollar terms than electricity produced by new coal-fired power plants. And, if the detrimental environmental side effects and costs of burning coal are factored in, wind power looks even better. Wind power has been around since early civilization. It possibly preceded the use of animals to grind grain, and was invented either in China or Persia. Historians speculate that the windmill technology was then moved to Europe during the crusades. The Dutch were the first major industrial users of windmills. They used them to pump sea water out of the hand made dikes to increase land area. Until the invention of electricity, windmills were mostly used for pumping and grinding grain (Berry). In the US, as electricity became widely used, many people still living too far away from the power lines attempted to use their water pumping windmills to run generators. This failed because the pumping wind mills were used for high torque, low speed applications, which was the opposite of what the electric generators required.

Healthcare Setting Essay

In the healthcare setting today decubitus ulcers (pressure sore) represent an ongoing challenge to health care professionals providing care to patients in different health-care settings. The incidence of decubitus ulcers estimates 1 to 3 million people in the United States each year. The National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel (NPUAP) defines prevalence as â€Å"a proportion of persons who have a pressure ulcer at a specific point in time.†Prevalence of pressure sores in the United States is widespread in all settings, with estimates of 10% to 18% in acute care, 2.3% to 28% in long-term care, and 0% to 29% in home care. The burden of having a pressure ulcer is high, in physical, emotional, and financial terms. Data from 1999 indicate that the cost of treating pressure ulcers may range from $5 to $8.5 billion annually, and this equates to approximately $9.2 to $15.6 billion in 2008. The AHRQ reported that pressure ulcer-related hospitalizations ranged from 13 to 14 days and cost $16,755 to $20,430, compared with the average stay of 5 days and cost of approximately $10,000. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services reports that the cost of treating a pressure ulcer in acute care (as a secondary diagnosis) is $43,180 per hospital stay. Contributing cost factors include increased length of stay because of pressure sore complications, such as pain, infection, high-tech support surfaces, and decreased functional ability. Barbara Braden collaborated with Nancy Bergstrom in 1987 to develop Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Ulcer Risk. The purpose of the scale is to help health professionals, especially nurses, to assess a patient’s risk of developing a pressure ulcer. In their study, the tool was tested in a multisite clinical trial involving hospitals, Veterans Administration (VA) medical centers and skilled nursing facilities. This research has proven to be effective in identifying and preventing pressure sores in high risk patient population. The Braden Scale is now the most widely tools used for predicting the risk of development of pressure sores. The Braden scale assesses a patient’s risk of developing a pressure ulcer by examining six criteria i.e. sensory perception, Moisture, Activity, Mobility, Nutrition and Friction and Shear. Based on the findings of the Braden scale strategies could be employed to prevent the development of pressure sores in high risk.

Arts Essay Example

Arts Essay Example Arts Essay Arts Essay How did Mendelâ„ ¢s approach to answering scientific questions differ from that of his contemporaries Mendel tried to track the transmission of certain genes rather than specific phenotypes. What really separated him apart from other people was that he worked very carefully to observe and manipulate the matings between pairs of plants. On top of all that, Mendel used math with his analysis. He used math to calculate the ratios of offspring and their traits. During that time, using math in conjunction with such studies was unheard of. How did his novel approach contribute to his success in describing how traits are inherited I think that since Mendel decided to use peas for his experiments, he gained quite the amount of advantages. Peas tend to have short generation times which would lead to him being able to study multiple plants at once. He easily manipulated the reproduction between the plants giving him the opportunity to view the different traits of each plant such as flower color or the shape of the seeds. What advantages did he enjoy by choosing to study the garden pea Some of the advantages that Mendel enjoyed by choosing to study the garden pea was that they could easily be grown in large numbers, the reproduction of which could easily be manipulated and that due to the reproductive organs of the plant, they could self-pollinate or cross pollinate with another. Piecing It Together on p. 78 of the text describes the six major concluding principles Mendel hypothesized from his work. Describe three of them. 1. Mendelâ„ ¢s Law of Segregation, states that alleles of genes separate when gametes are formed. This would apply to the segregation of the alleles of one gene. 2. Mendelâ„ ¢s Law of Independent Assortment stats that when more than 2 genes are considered at the same time. And that the alleles of one gene are passed on to the offspring differently from the alleles of the other genes. 3. Mendel also states that some genes may show dominance over another gene. In other words, the dominant allele comes from a heterozygous while the other, recessive allele is masked.

All Rise Essays - Porphyria, Eager Reporters, Colt 45, Damore

All Rise Essays - Porphyria, Eager Reporters, Colt 45, Damore All Rise Judge Watson scanned his courtroom with an eagle-like glare. The room was packed, Watson could smell the eager reporters outside. Damore versus State of Alabama was the biggest case his Honor had heard in years, God he needed a drink. Judge Watson blinked a long, tired blink, and swallowed hard in a vain attempt to soothe his bone dry throat. The old man called out in a loud voice, ?prosecution!? Billy Parker stood deliberately and strutted to his podium. The DA unbuttoned his two thousand dollar Armenagildo Zenga suit coat, and began. ?Let me share with you all the sad story of a sweet, defenseless woman named Porphyria. It was a rainy dark night, and Porphyria desperately ached to see her lover. She trekked through the woods, braving the pneumonic weather, to the small cottage owned by one, Mort Damore. Porphyria entered the cottage dripping wet. Carefully she tended to the fire, so her lover wouldn?t catch cold. Porphyria laid by Mr. Damore, wanting so badly to act out her love for him. Softly she whispered his name, but Mr. Damore was busy faking sleep, concealing his murderous plan for now. Sweet Porphyria uttered ?I love you? quietly to her love. Mr. Damore listened to this praise for a short while, but quickly grew impatient-the beast yearned to kill. Mr. Damore debated on which weapon to use. The Colt .45 lay loaded under his bed, but guns are loud! and messy. 2 Then Porphyria?s creamy, innocent neck and long hair caught Mr. Damore?s attention. Yes!, he thought, strangulation is much more thrilling than pulling a little old trigger. Brutally Mr. Damore grabbed Porphyria and began to cut off her air supply. Porphyria gasped for air, but moments later the beautiful body was lifeless. However, the abuse did not end with Porphyria?s death. Mr. Damore decided the fun had ended too quickly, and maliciously proceeded to sexually abuse the corpse. This, your Honor, is the exact description of the premeditated, heinous murder committed by the defendant, Mort Damore. Mr. Damore waited for his beautiful love to visit, then faked sleep to lure Porphyria into his murderous trap. When the opportunity arose, Mr. Damore strangled Porphyria to death. After the slaughter, there was no guilt or remorse from Damore. God no! In fact, Mr. Damore sexually abused Porphyria, then opened her eyes and laid by the victim throughout the night. This animal is not even fit for a jail cell. Your honor, there is no option but to sentence Mr. Damore to death by electrocution.? Judge Watson nodded, and turned to Troy Broussard. ?Defense!? Troy Broussard remained seated, leaned back in his chair, and propped his feet upon the desk. ?Well well?, he said in a high pitched voice, ?I really must applaud Mr. Parker for his wonderful story. The only problem with it, is that it is a fictions story. Here is the truth. On that rainy night, Porphyria fled from her husband to visit Mr. 3 Damore. In fact, she was downright in a hurry to reach the cottage, she couldn?t wait to commit adultery. Barging into Mr. Damore?s domicile, Porphyria wasted no time in going after what she wanted, purely physical sex. The harlot undressed and tried to wake Mr. Damore, who was frozen with guilt and uncertainty. My client had been trying to dissolve the relationship since he first learned of Porphyria?s husband, but the slut would not leave him alone. Porphyria frequently popped into Mr. Damore?s life to use him, then run back home to her husband. Determined to end the sick relationship that rainy night, Mr. Damore faked sleep so Porphyria might leave. But no, the adulteress persisted. She whispered the usual lies, ?I will get a divorce, Mort, but now isn?t the time. I love you, please trust me.? Mr. Damore looked into Porphyria?s truth telling eyes, and deceit stared back at him. Mr. Damore debated how to react. His heart raced, he felt cheap and used, he felt hat! e. In a rage Mr. Damore painlessly strangled Porphyria out of love. In a fit of psychotic distress, Mr. Damore kissed Porphyria, a sign of his forgiveness. Then, like a cat who has accidentally killed a playful mouse, Mr. Damore, in total

Woman in Spanish Costume by Pablo Picasso essays

Woman in Spanish Costume by Pablo Picasso essays How would painters draw portraits of their wives? May be, they draw portraits as real as their wives looks like. May be, painters draw wives facials as how those men want their wives to look like. The true answer is unknown. However, in almost every case, painters try to capture all of their ladies beauty. Unlike many of his other female-modeled portraits, which were drawn in abstracts, Woman in Spanish Costume was drawn in neo-classicism. It is mainly because Picasso wants to preserve his wife, Olga Koklova, s beauty as it was, and he does not wanted his critical and analytical view to shadow her beauty. In the process of capturing the beauty, Picasso used all of his techniques that he used in previously. Up until this portrait, Woman in Spanish Costume, Picasso was famous using drawing technique call cubism. However, after meeting and finally marrying with Olga, he gave up his cubism, and went back to classicism, especially Mediterranean Classicism. The influence of Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres, the great nineteenth-century French Romantic Classicist, is evident in the precision and discipline of Picassos drawing from this period (Abrams, 46). Picasso may have given up cubism in sketch, but he has not entirely given up on cubism. Instead, he used cubism in color. He colors tiny squares (or rectangular), which cubism is employed (Abrams, 46). He only used three principle colors in this piece; blue, orange, and white. The color blue stood for his blue period of art, which represents his darkness, and orange stood for rose period. White stood for remain part which Picasso have not fulfill with the love. Without doubt, this piece is not finished. Although the lines of arms and hands are not clear and does not have full figure, it well describes facial and colored part of dress. Woman in Spanish Costume is one of few portraits by Picasso that do not have facial expression. However,...

(Personal Recruitment)choose employee interview Essay

(Personal Recruitment)choose employee interview - Essay Example inal hiring decisions, tracking applicant flow, managing employment support staff and developing strategies for filling future employment opportunities that arise. Moreover, references from Harvard showed that she maintained an A average throughout school, which demonstrates her intellectual prowess, which in turn means that she would be very good at making decisions, tracking, managing staff and developing strategies for future requirements. Her references from Salient stated: â€Å"Jada is a no nonsense type of employee who always gets the job done. She hires quality employees who tend to perform well once employed.† This further establishes that she would be able to select talented and productive candidates for a fast growing bio-tech company that receives many federal government contracts. Salient’s references go on to say that â€Å"She is not especially popular among her fellow co-workers and seems to think she is smarter than everyone else. She is out-spoken to superiors, peers and subordinates and seems to intimidate others. Jada was recently passed over for a promotion and has threatened to file a discrimination suit against us.† Although, this may sound alarming at once, but if one reflects on Jada’s background it is easy to understand. As an African American (black), Jada most probably had to fight at every step of the way to accomplish her current position. Even, today it is not easy for an African American to make it to Harvard, and Jada most probably not only had the brains but also the brawn to make it in an institution and culture dominated by the white population. Hence, it is not surprising that her stance is rather aggressive and she behaves overconfidently with her peers and superiors, but as long as this does not affect her and the organization’s work negatively, this should not be a problem. And Salient, clearly states that she is very efficient and lets nothing get in the way of her duty; this is most reassuring and even her

Joe dimaggio's life and significance in his era Research Paper

Joe dimaggio's life and significance in his era - Research Paper Example In 1936 DiMaggio joined New York Yankees and he played for them till 1951 (Anonymous. â€Å"Life Story†). Yankees managed to win nine championships by using the leadership and class of DiMaggio. He is the only player who was an important part of four world champion teams and eventually these were his first four fulltime seasons (Anonymous. â€Å"Life Story†). This is an incredible record in the history of North American sports. DiMaggio’s skills were incomparable and to honor his potentials he was chosen as the most valuable player of the American League. To his fans he was known as â€Å"Joltin’ Joe†. Broadcaster Arch McDonald used to call him ‘Yankee Clipper’ for his gracefulness in the ground. In his career DiMaggio scored 361 home runs. Furthermore there are 389 doubles and 131 triples under his name. There were almost 4529 put-outs that involved DiMaggio. In the year 1954, DiMaggio was given place in the ‘National Baseball Ha ll of Fame’ (Dennis Gaffney. â€Å"Joe DiMaggio†). Off the field DiMaggio was not as successful as he was inside the field. As a person he was known to be a shy individual. Dorothy Arnold (Oomph Girl) was his first wife, but their marriage crumbled after three years. He took retirement in 1951 and worked as a commentator, but unfortunately he was not liked very much. Then he worked as a coach as well as vice president of Oakland Athletics (Dennis Gaffney.

Icts role in primarks operations strategy Essay

Icts role in primarks operations strategy - Essay Example This paper discusses the operations strategy of Primark Stores Limited, a fast fashion retail company that currently operates in Ireland, United Kingdom, Portugal, Spain, Belgium, Netherlands and Germany. Primark is owned by the diversified British giant, Associated British Foods (ABF) and as at the end of 2011 had 232 stores spread in continental Europe . In 2010 Primark beat Marks & Spencer and ASDA to become was UK’s largest clothing retailer by turnover, with sales of  £3,043m. Primark sells a range of fashion items targeted at people under 35 years old who are fashion-conscious. It is identified as the retailer that offers the lowest prices on the high street. Primark is a player in the relatively young retail apparel industry known as fast fashion. Fast fashion refers to the strategy where retailers count on speed of production and adoption to current and emerging design trends to market their merchandise. While fast fashion may be heaven to buyers it can be disastrous to retailers who have to keep changing their inventory rapidly if they are to capture their fashion conscious target market. This however does not prevent the industry from being very profitable. Consider this: in the apparel industry, fast fashion companies have surpassed traditional rivals in growth by seizing their market share. Furthermore, â€Å"fast fashion leaders typically earn higher profit margins than their old-guard competitors, averaging 16 per cent, versus 7 per cent for the typical specialty-apparel retailer†. (Sull & Turconi, 2008, p.5).† However, to better comprehend Primark’s industry and resulting strategies we shall first analyse the industry using Porter’s five forces. 2.1. Five Forces Analysis of Primark’s Industry The strengths of Porter’s five competitive forces has an effect on costs, prices, investments and other factors needed to compete thus they affect the average level of profitability for a given industry (P orter, 2008). This implies that these five forces have a direct correlation with the industry participants’ profitability. Using this line of thought one can therefore state that a firm’s industry structure is a major factor that determines an organization’s competitive strategy (Laudon & Laudon, 2009). The first strong force is competitive rivalry. The UK’s retail fashion industry is according to Mintel (2005) is more consolidated than the rest of Europe with the top five UK retailers account for almost 45% of sales. Secondly, following from the effect of 2008 recession on consumer disposable incomes, the industry is not a basic need category and as such has continued to experience slow growth. All the above attributes are symptomatic of industries where intensity of competitive rivalry is great (Porter, 2008). Another strong force in Primark’s industry is the threat of substitutes largely as a result of the following three characteristics: (1) the garments sold in fast fashion are not durable; (2) Primark’s offerings are low-cost; and (3) the cost of switching from one retailer to the other is very low. These three traits make it

Inflation and Real Rates of Return Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inflation and Real Rates of Return - Essay Example Real interest rates can be positive as well as negative. A positive real interest rate indicates that the purchasing power of the individual is increasing while a negative interest rate shows that the purchasing power of the individual is decreasing if the individual invests at the nominal rate. From the calculations above, it can be understood that at the current level of inflation, if a person invests in 1-year Certificate of Deposits, he will end up with less purchasing power. It can be analysed in such a way that a higher inflation rate than the nominal interest rate means that the purchasing power is decreasing at a faster rate than the rate of return of the investment. 2. Duration (Bonds) a. Frederick Macaulay developed a method to measure the interest rate risk of a bond and called it Macaulay Duration. He felt that duration is a better â€Å"measure of the bond’s worth than its time to maturity because duration considers both the repayment of capital at maturity and t he size and timing of coupon payments before maturity† (Macaulay Duration). Macaulay Duration is the weighted average term to maturity of the cash flows from a bond. The weight of each cash flow is determined by dividing the present value of the cash flow by the price (Macaulay Duration Definition). Duration measures a bond’s price sensitivity to interest rate changes. ... Calculating V-: I/Y= 9% V- = $92.406 Calculating V+: I/Y= 11% V+ = $87.781 3. Price-Earnings Ratio a. False. The PE ratio is equal to the market price of the share divided by the earnings per share (EPS). If we are using the dividend discount model to estimate the share price, a higher beta would lead to a higher required rate of return. This would decrease the share price and as a result the PE ratio will decrease. b. True. The PE ratio tells us how much an investor is willing to pay for $1 of a company’s earnings. If the net income of a company is good then the investors will be willing to pay more for a dollar earned. The ROE is equal to the net income divided by the average shareholders’ equity. A higher net income means a higher ROE. c. False. If we are using the dividend discount model to estimate the share price, higher dividends will result in a higher share price. Higher share price will increase the PE ratio. When the plowback rate is higher the dividends will be lower. 4. Book Value a. The market to book value signifies how many times a company’s stock is operating per share compare to the company’s book value per share. The organization’s book value reflect historic costs, hence this ratio is significant in indicating the management’s success in adding value for its shareholders in case of the market value being higher than the book value. A high price to book value ratio means that shareholders expect the management of the company to create more value with the given level of assets. b. Common shareholders’ equity = (20,000 x 20) + 5,000,000 + 70,000 Common shareholders’ equity = $5,470,000 Book value per share = Common shareholders’ equity / Number of common shares outstanding Book value per share = 5,470,000 /

Music under Stalin Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Music under Stalin - Essay Example The RAPM which dominated the 1920s and 1930s also advocated for anti-Western aesthetics that could be seen in works such as Lady Macbeth and led to the realization of the commencement of the Soviet musical history. Members of this group such as Marian Koval became one of the greatest critics of the works of Shostakovich (Edmund 2000, p. 88). There were other groups that were not as influential as RAPM such as Muzyka-massam which translates to music to the masses founded in 1929 to produce music to the citizens. Much, later, there has been political meaning given to the music written by Russian composers such as Shostakovich in which the works were overtly propagandist in nature such as the Eleventh Symphony that were a protest against the Soviet Union under Stalin. Shostakovich also composed music that could be said to be formalist when the RAPM was influential such as the opera â€Å"The Nose† and the ballets â€Å"Bolt and The Golden Age† that showed disdain for the m usic performed by RAPM. Despite the good works by artists such as Shostakovich and Prokofiev amongst other composers, they underwent a lot of repression in the year 1948 when the regime through its secretary general issued a decree denouncing them for their formalism and thus their music was suppressed with no publications or performances. Music under Stalin The Soviet regime’s under Stalin and those who adopted Stalinism had a stranglehold on the music that was supposed to be produced and composed that made creativity a difficult affair. However, some artists such as Shostakovich, Prokofiev and others managed to create musical masterpieces with distinct messages mainly to counter propaganda and inspire revolutionary purposes amongst the masses (Fairclough 2012, p. 68). There is still very limited understanding of the Soviet reality as concerns the music that was played and performed under Stalin. This incomprehension often leads to the misunderstanding and misrepresentation of the motivations and activities of those who composed and performed music including their meaning in the Soviet Union under Stalin. For example Shostakovich rarely explained his musical pieces with a program emphasizing no reference or illusions to his attitude towards the Soviet regime. Instead, he preferred confiding in a circle of friends whom he could t rust as discussing his music elsewhere would have killed his musical career. The revered Russian composer Rodion Shchedrin states that during the 1950s, nobody wanted to go to the gulag as at that time there was no independent judiciary in Russia as the Communist party was the only jury with Stalin as the assumed judge. There is clear evidence that music was mostly composed for the omnipotent regime which sought to control the citizens both physically and spiritually as shown by the music of Prokofiev and Shostakovich. These two geniuses of Russian music were later accused amongst other Soviet musicians of not composing music that was accessible to the masses with their music christened ''antinarodnaya† which implied that their music was against the people. In â€Å"The War Symphonies: Shostakovich against Stalin† by Larry Weinstein, the author states that the film is clearly made to counter the propaganda of the

Inflation and Real Rates of Return Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Inflation and Real Rates of Return - Essay Example Real interest rates can be positive as well as negative. A positive real interest rate indicates that the purchasing power of the individual is increasing while a negative interest rate shows that the purchasing power of the individual is decreasing if the individual invests at the nominal rate. From the calculations above, it can be understood that at the current level of inflation, if a person invests in 1-year Certificate of Deposits, he will end up with less purchasing power. It can be analysed in such a way that a higher inflation rate than the nominal interest rate means that the purchasing power is decreasing at a faster rate than the rate of return of the investment. 2. Duration (Bonds) a. Frederick Macaulay developed a method to measure the interest rate risk of a bond and called it Macaulay Duration. He felt that duration is a better â€Å"measure of the bond’s worth than its time to maturity because duration considers both the repayment of capital at maturity and t he size and timing of coupon payments before maturity† (Macaulay Duration). Macaulay Duration is the weighted average term to maturity of the cash flows from a bond. The weight of each cash flow is determined by dividing the present value of the cash flow by the price (Macaulay Duration Definition). Duration measures a bond’s price sensitivity to interest rate changes. ... Calculating V-: I/Y= 9% V- = $92.406 Calculating V+: I/Y= 11% V+ = $87.781 3. Price-Earnings Ratio a. False. The PE ratio is equal to the market price of the share divided by the earnings per share (EPS). If we are using the dividend discount model to estimate the share price, a higher beta would lead to a higher required rate of return. This would decrease the share price and as a result the PE ratio will decrease. b. True. The PE ratio tells us how much an investor is willing to pay for $1 of a company’s earnings. If the net income of a company is good then the investors will be willing to pay more for a dollar earned. The ROE is equal to the net income divided by the average shareholders’ equity. A higher net income means a higher ROE. c. False. If we are using the dividend discount model to estimate the share price, higher dividends will result in a higher share price. Higher share price will increase the PE ratio. When the plowback rate is higher the dividends will be lower. 4. Book Value a. The market to book value signifies how many times a company’s stock is operating per share compare to the company’s book value per share. The organization’s book value reflect historic costs, hence this ratio is significant in indicating the management’s success in adding value for its shareholders in case of the market value being higher than the book value. A high price to book value ratio means that shareholders expect the management of the company to create more value with the given level of assets. b. Common shareholders’ equity = (20,000 x 20) + 5,000,000 + 70,000 Common shareholders’ equity = $5,470,000 Book value per share = Common shareholders’ equity / Number of common shares outstanding Book value per share = 5,470,000 /

What has been the role of international trade in the development of Essay

What has been the role of international trade in the development of China in the past two decades - Essay Example Hence the people who were a victim of such social conflicts since two generations had a hope to prosper themselves despite of a weak economy caused by high inflation and their distorted homeland and transportation links. Therefore the Soviet example was embraced as a new political and economic model. Hence in early 1950's a new reconstruction program was taken up in economic and social areas. The new leaders were focused to restore economy, rebuilding war damaged areas and implemented leaderships in women, labors and other mass organizations as well. All this was done and attained through the control of politically loyal government sectors. In 1958, Mao announced a new economic program called "The Great Leap Forward" which was aimed to prosper the economy through industrialization and agricultural productions. Though The Great Leap Forward was not that fruitful the Chinese didn't lose hope and still worked hard to strengthen their agriculture and industry sector (OECD [1], 2006). It was in 1979 then when China rehabilitated and opened its economy and adopted more pragmatic approach on political and socioeconomic matters. This economic transformation had a reflective impact not only in China but on the world too. From the last two decades China has implemented market - oriented reforms which resulted not only in the largest reduction of poverty but also attained fasted growth in income levels as well. As a fruit of this hard and headstrong labor China today is the fourth largest economy in the world and has sustained an average economic growth of over 9.5% for the past 26 years. In 2006 its US $ 2.6b trillion economy was about one-fifth the size of the US economy. However by the late 1980s the economy was worked up with increasing rates of inflation. Due to which Austerity Program was introduced by the government of China by the end of 1988 (OECD [1], 2006). In early 1990s China's economy regained momentum. Deng Xiaoping a dominant leader of that time, in early 1992, made a series of political pronouncements designed to revitalize the economic reform and hence 'Social Market Economy' was formed. This resulted in a 10 year plan in the political system with bolder reform of the economic system. China is the world's most populous country. It is one of the largest producers and consumers of agricultural products. China is among the largest producers of rice, corn, wheat, soya beans, vegetables, tea and pork. And its major non-food crops include cotton, other fibers and oil seeds. Over 40 % of China's labor is engaged in agriculture though only 10% of the land is suitable for cultivation. Due to which its GDP contributes 13% because of agriculture. According to a survey China's cropland area is only 75% of the US total but still produces 30% more crops and live-stock than the US (Guo, 2006). Industry and construction comprises of 46% of China's GDP. Iron, steel, coal, aluminum mining, ore processing, machinery, textiles, apparel, cement, petroleum, fertilizers and chemical are foremost industries of China. Consumer's products have a wide range including toys, electronics, foot wear, automobiles and telecommunications. China's strength as an export-platform has contributed to increased incomes and employment. About 40% of GDP is the stases-owned sector. The chief driver of China's rapid economic growth is governed by the exports. For this China has pursued policies such as fostering development of foreign invested factories. Foreign invested factories assemble imported materials (components) into consumer goods for export by

Modelling Leadership Essay Example for Free

Modelling Leadership Essay Many people have potentials of becoming leaders by virtue of their births, for instance, into royal families. Some others cashed in on the naivety and innocence of the people around and, before long, became leaders; not necessarily by achievements but because they are opportunist. I see real leadership emerging when a individual can successfully impact the life of others which in turn makes them willing followers. This is the category my headmaster falls into. My relationship with this man started a couple of years ago. As a teacher and mentor, he sees every opportunity for success in every child. He is by no means a disciplined man, yet he is patient enough for any student. He is the headmaster, coordinating the teachers; yet he is the teacher himself. He takes it as a responsibility to have a one-on-one contact with every students in the school and he has been successful at it in spite of all other official assignment competing for attention. Every student, to him, needs to discover himself his strengths and weaknesses. With my headmaster, the hardworking students still has rooms to do better if only he could discover how and the lazy students needs only to discover his areas of interests and concentrate on it for his success. This is what he seeks to do for each students by spending time with them. An of course, he encourages the teachers to do likewise. In his words ’these little minds are going to become our leaders tomorrow and it is how well we impact them that determines what they do when they become our leaders -whether they lead us well or not. ’ His style has produced great changes in the life of students. Even other teachers are borrowing successfully from his style and they in turn are achieving great results with their students. I hope one of his products eventually rises to become the president of our great nation this will be a rewarding feather added to his cap.

Gardners Theory of Intelligence

Gardners Theory of Intelligence It is a pretty common phenomenon that some people acquire knowledge and skills 10 or 20 times faster than others (Payne Tirre 1984). Some people acquire certain kind of knowledge that others cannot even acquire after years of practice. This sort of individual differences in learning are commonly occur due to differences in intelligence. Thus, learning ability is part of intelligence according to some psychologists and most of the educators barely make any difference between learning and intelligence. Therefore, it sounds paradoxical that both of them have quite separate ways throughout the history of psychology. According to psychologist intelligence will never have a general definition (Strenberg Dtterman 1986). It can be said that it is not a concept which can be scientifically useful (Jensen 1987d) as it lacks such meaning that is not just a random choice of any psychologists. Of Gardners proposed seven types of human intelligence, linguistic and logical-mathematical are the first two types noted by him commonly valued in educational institutes, e.g. school, colleges (Gardner, 1999, pp. 41). Gardner concluded the definition of intelligence by saying that it could only be applied to some certain explanations of human understanding and behavior, and last but not the least morality is generally a about the kind of person that an individual is and the kind of person an individual has wanted to be. It is not, in itself, an intelligence (p. 77) Gardners view of intelligence has us much ideas for thinking about intellectual functioning but is being expert in one or more of these intelligences actually a reflection of intelligence. Strenberg (1985, 1986) addresses this statement by considering intelligence as a type of mental self-management comprising of tree basic components: componential intelligence, experiential intelligence and contextual intelligence. As these three types of intelligence define intelligent behavior, this theory is known as a triarchic theory. The Information-processing Model reflects on what is going to happen when information flows through different types of internal structure which are should be existing inside the learner. These sort of structures represent the main function of the central nervous system. It should be noted that these sort of structures are hypothetical. According to Gange et al. (1984) some of the process that has been used by the system can be performed better by some individuals than others, but the systems nature will be the same. After having a good concept of how information are being processed, stored and retrieved through the help of the information model, students can learn much more effectively and efficiently as comparing to the period when they were not aware of that. According to Gage Berliner (1984), memorizing things and trying to remember how to how to execute skills is one of the main tasks of learning. If someone learns something one night and cannot remember it some later time is of a very little use according to Gage and Berliner (1984). They believe that metacognitive learners are able to get cognitive strategies to help them to remember things easily and to recall it after a later time. According to them this process is called encoding. At schools teachers can help out the students to encode information. Firstly, they have to provide the learner the information already coded in the form of graphs, tables etc. These help the learners to easily store those data in his/her memory in an easily remembered form. After that teachers can provide that cues to activate the coded data. This helps the students to recall the information that has already been stored in their long-term memory in an encoded form for a long time. Motivation can be referred to the reasons underlying behavior (Guay et al., 2010, p. 172). According to Gredler, Broussard and Garrison (2004) motivation can be considered as an attribute that lets us to do something or not to do something. According to Stipek (1996), ancient approaches to this study of motivation in the literary discourse on extrinsic reinforcement. According to that literature, all sort of behavior, including an individuals achievements , was considered to be controlled by reinforcement. One of the key figure of this approach includes B.F. Skinner, who identifies various categories of reinforcement. Positive reinforcement or gifts or rewards are the result that increases the chance of a particular behavior by getting rid of some negative outer stimulus. On the other hand, the fear of being punished refers to odious consequences that decrease the probability of an individuals behavior. Under this structure, the teachers job is very clear: to give satisfactory grades to reward that individual or give an awful grade or being punished. A set of empirical studies on the manipulation of motivation exists. Though these evidences describes both positive and negative effects, proposing that instructional strategies and classroom contexts can both increase or decrease students motivation. References: Broussard, S. C., Garrison, M. E. B. (2004). The relationship between classroom motivation and academic achievement in elementary school-aged children. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 33(2), 106-120. Gardner, H. (1999). Intelligence reframed: Multiple intelligences for the 21st century.  New York: Basic Books. Gage Berliner (1984). Educational Psychology Payne, D., W. Tirre. (1984). Individual differences in learning rate. Paper presented at  the Ninth Psychology in the Department of Defense Symposium, USAF Academy,  Colorado Springs, Colorado. Sternberg, R. J., Detterman, D. K. (Eds.). (1986). What is Intelligence?  Norwood, USA: Ablex. Stipek, D. J. (1996). Motivation and instruction. In D. C. Berliner R. C. Calfee (Eds.), Handbook of educational psychology (pp. 85-113). New York: Macmillan.

Technology in the Classroom Stimulates Learning Essay -- Education Sch

Technology in the classroom, is it good or bad? I think this is a question that will be debated for many years to come. There are those who believe that we must have technology in the classroom so that we can move forward as a society. In a speech given by Roy Pea and Larry Cuban, Roy Pea quotes the Labor Secretary’s Commission on the Achieving Necessary Skill, or SCANS, as saying â€Å"Those unable to use technology face a life time of menial work.† Others believe that technology replaces learning and is actually making us stupid. Some believe that the costs out weigh the benefits and others who believe the opposite. I believe that technology in the classroom can only help to enhance and stimulate learning and prepare students for the future. The government has even acknowledged the need for technology in the classroom. In the â€Å"no child left behind† bill there is a section that covers this very topic. This section is known as the â€Å"Enhancing Education Through Technology act of 2001†. â€Å"The primary goal of this part is to improve student academic achievement through the use of technology in elementary schools and secondary schools.† Technology is everywhere and as educators of future generations we cannot simply ignore it or its influence in our daily lives. The world of education is constantly changing. The demands on teachers and students are ever increasing. Students are being expected to learn harder math concepts earlier in their educational careers. For example, my son is taking Pre-Algebra in the seventh grade. Without the use of technology, how can we expect teachers and students to keep up with these demands? Technology can allow teachers to provide their students with visual examples of concepts they ar... ...ts to develop marketable jobs skills. They are learning how to use technology to get the most from their education. We are preparing our students for the future and all the changes it will bring. Kathleen Patrice Gulley wrote â€Å"Given the role that education plays in preparing students to go into the world, it seems clear that there should be a connection between the world and the classroom. Unless education reflects the world in which it exists, it has no relevance for the students.† If we do not incorporate technology into our classrooms we are failing to give our children the best possible education and the skills necessary to be successful in the future. Resources http://tappedin.org/info/teachers/debate.html http://www.ed.gov/legislation/ESE02/pg34.html http://jep.csus.edu/journal2003/paper5.htm http://www.standards.nctm.org/document/chapter1/index.htm

Argument Against the Death Penalty Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive C

Argument Against the Death Penalty Life is sacred. This is an ideal that the majority of people can agree upon to a certain extent. For this reason taking the life of another has always been considered the most deplorable of crimes, one worthy of the harshest available punishment. Thus arises one of the great moral dilemmas of our time. Should taking the life of one who has taken the life of others be considered an available punishment? Is a murderer's life any less sacred than the victim's is? Can capital punishment, the death penalty, execution, legal murder, or whatever a society wishes to call it, be morally justifiable? The underlying question in this issue is if any kind of killing, regardless of reason, can be accepted. In this paper I will discuss if the modern American form of capital punishment can be morally justified. Opponents of the death penalty have a distinct advantage when arguing their point over advocates. Their advantage is the fact that taking the life of another is immoral, and if you remove all outstanding circumstances capital punishment is nothing more than legalized murder. This argument alone is not strong enough, though, because of the many circumstances surrounding capital punishment, such as the fact that the convict being executed has more than likely taken someone else's life. The first justification for the claim that capital punishment is immoral is the idea that it creates a climate of violence. If a society punishes a murderer by murdering them what are we saying about violence? Our society teaches its children that violence does not solve anything, and yet our highest form of punishment is no different than the crime it punishes. Capital punishment also furthers the desensitiz... ... Press Inc, 1986. The Washington Research Project. The Case Against Capital Punishment. 1971. Sowell, Thomas and DiIulio, John J. Jr. "The Death Penalty is a Deterrent." The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints. 1986. King, Glen D. "On Behalf of the Death Penalty." The Death Penalty in America. 1982. Prejean, Helen. "The Death Penalty is Morally Unjust." The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints. 1986. Amsterdam, Anthony G. "Capital Punishment." The Death Penalty in America. 1982. DiSpoldo, Nick. "The Death Penalty is Applied Unfairly to the Poor." The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints. 1986. Ross, Michael. "The Death Penalty is Applied Unfairly to Blacks." The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints. 1986. Rothman, Stanley and Powers, Steven. "The Death Penalty is Not Applied Unfairly to Blacks." The Death Penalty: Opposing Viewpoints. 1986.

Abuse of monopoly power Essay

Imagine what it would be like if there was only one bakery in your home town, and no possibility of opening up a new one because of the fact that there are no shops for rent. People who are looking to get their hands on freshly baked bread would have no choice but to go to the one bakery. We say that the baker is a monopolist; that is, he is the only baker in the market and is thus able to set the price at whichever levels he wants. Chances are that the price of bread is going to be considerably higher than if the baker had to compete with others for consumers. The result, as this lesson deals with, is market failure as a result of the abuse of monopoly power. MONOPOLY POWER AND MARKET FAILURE A monopoly exists when there is only one producer of a certain product. Other firms are prevented from competing with the monopolist because of the very high barriers to entry. Because of this, the monopolist is a price setter – it can itself decide what price to charge so long as it covers the cost of production. It is often argued that Microsoft has a monopoly on the operating system market, making consumers pay a very high price for Windows as they buy a new computer. Another example comes from supermarkets, which may acquire a monopoly in a neighbourhood if planning permission to build other shops is denied. It can then sell the same products as it would sell before, but for a much higher price. Hence, in such markets, the price and quantity demanded of the product do not reflect a true equilibrium – abuse of monopoly power is a kind of market failure resulting from the ability to charge a higher price than it otherwise would. Moreover, the quantity on the market is restricted below what is socially optimum by the monopolist. This results in a welfare loss, as consumer surplus is not maximised, which is represented by the grey triangle in the diagram below. Examiner Tip However, in cases where we have a negative externality (e. g. pollution) it would actually be good to have a monopolist that restricts the quantity – the welfare loss would rather be a welfare gain in this case. Government intervention is common in the case of monopolies, if they abuse of their power and damage consumers’ welfare. Possible responses include: ?Legislation – competition policies to ensure that markets are not dominated by one firm only, as the EU proceedings against Microsoft show. ?Regulation – for example, planning regulations could be relaxed to allow more shops to open in the same area where the supermarket operates. ?Nationalisation – this is the case of national monopolies where the state takes over a business and regulates prices in the social interest. E. g. Following the financial crisis of 2008 banks, insurance companies and car manufacturers were nationalised in the USA and UK. ?Trade liberalisation – allowing foreign firms to compete in the national market contributes to breaking up monopolies that were formed due to the lack of internal competitors. What you should know ? Monopolies act as single producers in a market and can set prices and quantity. ?Their power may be abused, damaging consumers’ welfare. ?Government intervention can limit abuse of power through legislation, regulation, nationalisation and trade liberalisation.

Let America be America again analysis

In Langston Hughes poem â€Å"Let America be America Again† he talks about how America should return to the way that it was perceived to be in the dreams before America was truly America. Throughout the poem he uses various methods to evoke the patriotic images and dreams that he feels America should and will eventually be. Hughes states that America is supposed to be a place of equality for everyone including both white and colored people. During this period in time though there was not equality for everyone.Hughes talks about an America where both whites and colored people will have equality in all aspects socially, politically, and economically. What Hughes is saying is that both whites and colored people should be treated equally when looking for job opportunities, at the voting booths, and in public society itself. Langston Hughes thoughts of what America should be during this current state are relevant in the way that they refer to all people being treated equally and ho w in Americas currents state equality is greatly needed.To continue on Langston Hughes talks about what the American Dream is and who conceived it. The American dream was the dream of a land where there would be complete peace and equality. This dream was conceived by all the people who came over to this land to build America from the ground up; these people would be known as the first Americans. The dream of building a country from the ground up that would be both peaceful and have equality for everyone was an extremely daring task for these people. This is because they had to turn on their own previous countries and declare their own independence.The first Americans saw this as a very important thing to do if they were going to build America to be the country of equality that they dreamed of. Furthermore, there were also some people who distorted the American dream by searching for their own personal success. The people that distorted the American dream would be the slave owning A mericans themselves. They did not create slavery just with the intentions of having colored people as personal helpers, it was more towards gaining success in large corporations and companies.The more slaves you could have the more products your company would be able to produce, and during Americas current growing state a variety of products were needed in high demand. Therefore the American dream was distorted by the Americans whom were slave owners. Large corporations and companies like tobacco and cotton plantations also contributed to the building of America. It’s not the companies or corporations themselves that just contributed to the building of America but the people who worked for them. This would include all white, colored, and slave workers.The ways that these companies are not free is due to the fact that some of them use slaves and discriminated against colored people during this time. If companies within America are not treating people equally, then America is n ot seen as a country of equality and freedom. Langston Hughes also shows us his mood throughout the poem while he is explaining his thoughts. Hughes mood would be one of anger and resentment because America is not turning out to be the land that it was promised to be, or the land that many people dream of for him.Hughes keeps this mood from the begging of the poem to the end of the poem in hopes that he will get his point across to the rest of America. His goal by writing this poem the way he did was mainly to express his ideas of how he feels America should be currently. Those ideas are not real for many people in America during this time due to their race, economic situation, or where they were raised. This poem is relevant to today because there is still some discrimination in our county, but the amount or intensity of this has greatly decreased over the years.It is also relevant in the way that it refers to our country being a free county. The American dream has also changed thr oughout America’s history because during different time periods our countries goals have changed. For example at the begging of America our goal was to create a land of equality and peace, but then shortly after many people were taken over by greed and changed their goals for personal success and making money. These would be the white exploiters who could also be recognized as slave owners or discriminators, and the exploited would be the minority of colored  people and slaves.What we could change to fit today’s society would be to get rid of the level of discrimination that there was during this time in history, as well as abolish slavery completely. No the dream is not still viable because Langston Hughes dreams were for equality and for the people to be protected equally under the same laws and law enforcement. In the end it’s truly up to everyones individual self to live their lives, due to the fact that America does not completely control our lives.

Use of Aspirin Among Diabetics Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Use of Aspirin Among Diabetics - Research Paper Example Not entirely. The subject was aspirin use among diabetics, a group known to benefit from such therapy. However, although much of the literature search included diabetes based studies, other pieces were of a more general nature, although still concerned with aspirin use, we're not concerned with this specific group. There is a section labeled ‘method’ but no such method is actually described. The researchers were presumably testing the correctness of the guidelines referred to from the Preventive Services Task Force, but this aim is not stated clearly. Only two studies were considered, although there are in fact plenty to choose from. Was the study well or poorly designed? As methods and aims were poorly defined if at all, it is impossible to tell if this study was well designed to meet its purpose. They quote evidence for instance of aspirin reducing the risk of coronary heart disease, but the evidence used is not specific to diabetics. The study setting was relevant? Only in the sense that the two papers under consideration were both concerned with diabetes and aspirin use. These studies were felt to be both inadequate and inconclusive so did not really add much of value to knowledge on this subject. If the participants were appropriately defined, selected representatively, followed? up without significant loss etc..? There were no participants to be considered, merely two earlier reports.

Properrty Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Properrty Market - Essay Example The costly credit and impact of inflation made retail suffer badly in 1990. In the major UK cities low income people hindered from entering into property market due to high interest rates.. As a result there was overall slowdown in the activity. There was decrease in institutional property investment and returns reduced on retail investments. Schemes for new large stores were shelved or even cancelled while existing store outlets were scaled down or closed in a bid to attract larger customer share from competitors. The picture was total contrast from the 1980s when companies invited the big names in retail developers to design unique themed malls on latest retail and leisure ideas (Jacobs 1992:93). Thus the slump of property and construction industry provided an example as to how fast the market led growth falls. The recession affected even the most promising construction schemes as their ratings were down and billions were wiped off the share portfolios. It was a blow to Thatcher's vision of a Homeowner's nation. (Jacobs 1992:94). Jenkins (1991 as in cited in Jacobs 1992) finds a cyclical nature of UK property industry. He studied the property market from 1960 and found that there was increased involvement of banks and pension funds with the property market. ... The property was then presented by developers as security to obtain bank loans (Jacobs 1992:95). The multinational companies have integrated the economies of different countries and changes of one nation are transmitted to other. At the same time there are more stable interest rates and low economic volatility. But the low inflation puts the lender at a risk of default while borrower may have some advantage ( Forest and Lee 2003: 163). The property companies were also helped by the bull market which increased their funds needed for development. By 1991, the overseas banks had 43% funding of property industries. The property slump occurred as a result of entry of foreign capital which made this sector vulnerable as it was dependent on borrowing (Jacobs 1992). The current slump in economy has affected the construction industry as can be assessed by a comparative account of construction and GDP. The latter is the most important indicator of a nation's economic health but likely to decline by 2.9 per cent in real terms over the 2009 (The Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR)). It will be the biggest annual fall since 1946 when the country faced mass de-mobilisation after the Second World War. It is forecast that industrial investments may decline by more than 15 per cent in 2009 and pose the biggest risk to the economy while household expenditure is expected to come down by 1.8 per cent in the Year. Theme 2: Factors currently influencing housing sector: Was fall in prices long overdue: The issue is that house prices started to fall even before growth started to slow down. In other words there are many microeconomic factors reducing house prices. Therefore, the fall in economic output has aggravated these other factors that are

Distillation- Gas Chromatography Investigations Lab Report

Distillation- Gas Chromatography Investigations - Lab Report Example In the case where there are two compounds with a vast different vapor and pressures, then the two compounds can be separating through the technique referred to as simple distillation. In this case, simple distillation involves warming a mixture so that the liquid with higher volatility vaporizes first. The vapor of this liquid substance is then collected in a separate flask for purposes of being condensed back into liquid. However, for mixtures of compounds having same boiling points, a simple distillation would be performed multiple times or a fractional distillation would be applied over its length. In essence, fractional distillation is often used in separating mixtures of liquids that have a boiling point that are quite close to each other. Fractional distillation constitutes a long glass tube often packed with either ceramic or glass material allowing the vapor to vaporize and condense a number of times in the course of traveling up the column. Moreover, the condenser (fractiona ting column) is packed with these materials purposely to help increase its surface area. This is based on the principle that whenever a solution gets distilled in fractions, it goes through various re-distillations that help increase the purity of the product at the end of the tunnel. As liquid gets heated, vapor starts rising. These vapors condense when they come into contact with the fractioning column cooler surfaces. Continued heating of the distillation liquid leads to the increase in the rise of the vapors. The condensed vapors within the fractioning column re-vaporize hence moving up the column. Repeating this process several times causes components with the lowest boiling point to reach the top of the fractionating column first, which is the collected in the collection vial. Other components are collected following their ascending order of their boiling points. This process is applicable in the fractional separation of mixtures having multiple liquids. For instance, crude oi l is often separated in towers which are one hundred and fifty feet high. In this respect, more than 100 different components get separated from two thousand barrels of crude oil each day. Equipment or Materials In this experiment, the set of apparatus included 3 glass vials, Crystallizing Dish, Ice Steel wool, Microscale kit, Boiling chips, Hot plate, 100-mL beaker, Mixture of organic liquids, and Digital thermometer. Procedure In this experimental the set up was carried out in a hood. To start with the distillation, apparatus for this experiment was set up. Using scintillation vials or a 10 mL graduated cylinder, the distillates were collected. 10ml of ethyl acetate, and 10mL isoamyl acetate were obtained and transferred to the 50 mL round-bottom flask. Then the stirring bar was added to the flask with the stirring function being activated during the process of distillation. The stirring bar acted as a boiling stone and was added to help prevent bumping. The warming of the flask w as done making sure the distillate starts being collected in the graduated cylinder. At this instance, the temperature of the vapor when the first drop of the distillate started being collected in the cylinder was recorded. This was done making sure the thermometer was well positioned. The plate was adjusted in making sure the collection rate of the distillate was approximately 1 drop per second. The temperature was recorded after each mL of the distillate

Chinese is similar in many ways to the politeness and respect language Essay

Chinese is similar in many ways to the politeness and respect language styles of Japanese - Essay Example This etiquette charms the day to day activities and adds luster to conversation. One derives pleasure to deal with such people. To put it in practical terms, what does it cost to be gracious and polite conversationalist? Say a few good words in appreciation of the individual with whom one is dealing?-that’s what the Chinese and Japanese seem o believe. Chinese is similar in many ways to the politeness and respect language styles of Japanese. Since language has direct bearing on then social disposition of both these people, an activity based comparison needs to be made to justify this assertion. Understanding Chinese and Japanese language means understanding their cultures and etiquettes. We find surprising similarities amongst these people. Their style of functioning is identical in many areas and activities. To cite an example, the Japanese don’t pour one’s own drink, if the glass is empty; usually the host will pour it. The Chinese also never pour one’s own drink first. Generally a toast is made for friendship, or business. While pouring drink for everyone, it is made sure, no one is left out. To forget someone is considered bad manners. Even when the glass is full, pour a few drops in, or give the cup a fond stare, before moving to the next guest. The Chinese dinner consists of many courses; just sample everything in the plate. If one empties the plate, the host observes it and he will get more food. Don’t eat the last piece; leave something. As per the Japanese traditions too, an empty plate means that one wishes to have more food. When fini shed with eating, leave some food on the plate. Chopsticks have a special importance for the Chinese as well as the Japanese. They are sacrosanct. The Chinese don’t take the chopstick and use them like forks by poking into the food. Chopsticks are used to pick up the food. In the picking process, if you drop a piece, no attempt is made to pick up another piece. Keep on trying to pick

Culturological Assessment of Domestic Violence Against Hispanic Women Essay

Culturological Assessment of Domestic Violence Against Hispanic Women - Essay Example (Powell 1) The purpose of this paper is to evaluate three aspects of domestic violence as it relates to Latinas. A review of the broad societal issues inherent within this ethnic community, an idea of some of the specific reasons why Hispanic women will stay in an abusive relationship, and a look at a few of the cultural values that make this segment of the population particularly vulnerable will yield insight into the problem and its intricate components. To gain a more complete understanding of the domestic violence plague faced by women in the Hispanic community, it is important to understand the broad contributory issues specific to the Latin community at large. Without over-simplifying the factors that contribute to domestic violence perpetrated against Hispanic women, there are three general segments of social integration which are understood to pre-condition these women to a higher risk of incidence of abuse; acculturation, citizenship status, and economic condition. Acculturation is the process of acquiring the different traits and social patterns reflected in the new society. It is the natural human adaptation to a different environment. We know that the "process of acculturation to American values and norms is an important factor influencing help-seeking behavior." (Yoshioka 172) Other studies suggest that this progression of acclimating to a foreign atmosphere "has been found to affect the risk of partner violence." (Frias 554) The course of adjusting to a new society is particularly fraught with hazard for Hispanic women. Whether it is the challenge of learning a new language or developing a sense of belonging, the degree to which an individual has been assimilated into her surroundings impacts her ability to respond to a crisis, particularly one of violence in her home. The calculus is fairly straightforward; the more comfortable a woman is within her new world, the better equipped she is to deal with the adverse circumstances into which d omestic abuse thrusts her. Surprisingly, the citizenship status of individuals has a direct bearing upon the frequency and severity of domestic violence. Generally, it is clear to the casual observer that non-citizens "have taken enormous risks and...continue to be threatened daily with a fear of deportation and the ever-looming presence of the INS." (Community Partnership 1) The stress associated with large-scale disruption of life and home can easily contribute to an environment of hostility between domestic partners. Specifically, studies show that "immigrant women who arrived before the age of 15 are at a higher risk of partner violence." (Frias 561) While the minutiae of various causes of this phenomenon may be debated, citizenship status appears to impact the resolve of these women to end the domestic abuse cycle. It could be posited that once citizenship is established, there is an emotional ownership of the new country that reduces a woman's willingness to tolerate abuse in the home. The economic situation of Hispanic women also has a role to play in domestic violence.

The Moment in the Quiet Little Park Essay Example for Free

The Moment in the Quiet Little Park Essay Mr. Emerson Outdoor Descriptive Essay The moment in the quiet little park As I placed my heavy backpack on the old bench, I feel tiredness coming up to me, as well as the sadness, because I have to spend in the park for an hour just to write some descriptive essay. So I grabbed my pencil and notebook and started to look around, the park was lonely. The sunset was not spectacular that day. The vivid ruby and tangerine streaks that often caressed the blue brow of the sky were sleeping, There are some days when the sunlight seems to dance, to weave and frolic with tongues of fire between the blades of grass. he yellow light was sickly. It diffused softly through the gray curtains with a shrouded light that just failed to illuminate. High up in the treetops, the leaves swayed, but on the ground, the grass was silent, limp and unmoving. There was me, sitting on the bench, writing this essay. It was a quiet Tuesday late afternoon and not many people appears, I sat there alone on the ancient bench, the cold wind blew at me, and down to my spine. As I looked up In the sky, it is transformed into a colorful horizon; filled with endless streams of orange and red. The tree by my side soon gathered my interest, on the edge of the bench where I was sitting, the ancient tree sat hunched over, the gnarled, old king of a once vast domain that had long ago been turned to pasture. The great, gray knees gripped the hard Earth with a solidity of purpose that made it difficult to determine just where the tree began and the soil ended, so strong was the union of the ancient bark and grainy sustenance. Besides the ancient tree, there was an enormous baseball park; the grass is green as a precious jade. People with their pets’ plays joyfully on the grass, the enjoyment on their face are precious and reminds me the fairy tale books I use to read back in my childhood age, the quote â€Å" happily ever after â€Å"truly exist. Even I barely remember my childhood life, but after looking at toddlers walking around looking confused, that innocent little face has truly touched me. ‘Are we all like this back in our childhood’? The mysterious question suddenly appears in my head. As the sun has set and the sky has darkened like an evil spirit forcing spells to it, I stood up and walked into the sandpit that’s next to me, I can feel the soft smooth sand beneath my feet, and soon I’m taken in by the soothing atmosphere that encircles me. I close my eyes, letting myself absorb in the cool breeze on an up-coming autumn day. I am comforted by the sounds of the night wind; the rhythmic pounding of the blowing represses all of my worries. I look into the cloudless cerulean black sky and see the perfection of life. I often want to be like a bird, seemingly drifting endlessly in the wind without a care in the world. As I walked and sat on the playground swing, and now that I am relaxed, allowing myself to close my eyes and drift off for a peaceful swing, that moment was joyful. But however, that moment didn’t last long. I am soon awoken but the sounds of an owl; its big yellow eyes intimidate me, it looks like a furious predator, searching aggressively for its prey. I looked up to the sky again, searching for the wonders. I was surprised by the setting bright circular moon hangs in the sky, like a yellow balloon off in the distance, it was beautiful. The cold wind once again startled me, forcing me to leave. It was freezing as I reached into my pocket and checked my phone, the one and half has gone. So I reached my backup, plugged into my headphones, and ready to leave. I walked to the top of the front gate of the park. I was shocked by the view, the park seems to look ancient, but from the front gate view, it is beautiful. The light brightly shines on to the grass, and with the gently wind blow effect. The grass seems to be lively alive, and since I have a gentle music playing on my iPod, that moment was fantastic. It’s not only words that can describe this moment, because the scene I was looking has become way beyond its meaning. ss

Domestic Violence Generalist Social Work

Domestic Violence Generalist Social Work Domestic Violence Generalist Social Work Generalist social work practice is the knowledge, skills, and value ethics to enhance human well-being and promotes social and economic justice. Dealing with domestic violence as a social worker you much network, gathering up all the information you would need to help the victim or the perpetrators. Social workers provide services to victims and perpetrators. Direct services to victims of domestic violence include counseling and support through shelter programs, individual counseling through private setting, and social justice community organizing effort to prevent domestic violence from occurring. Social workers provide services to victims of domestic violence through shelter; the services provided empowerment and advocacy. Victim population Domestic violence is a pattern of behavior which involves violence or abuse by the person against another in a domestic context such as marriage of cohabitation. Domestic violence is use to gain or maintain power or control over their partner. Domestic violence can happen to anyone regardless of age, education, race, religious, gender, or sexual orientation; the problems of domestic violence is often overlooked, excused, or denied. One of the earliest conceptualizations of domestic violence was based on a cyclical conflict model known as Cycle of Violence, Cycle of Violence is a pattern often experienced in abuse relationship. Domestic violence is the leading cause of injury to women. Studies suggest that Domestic Violence Jones 4 up to 10 million children witness some form of domestic violence according to (Social Work and Family Violence page 36). Boys who witnessed their parents domestic violence when they grow older are twice as likely to abuse their spouse or significant other as those that did not witness domestic violence. Most domestic violence incident are never reported. According to Albert R. Roberts more than 60% of domestic violence incident happen at home. Types of Domestic Violence The types of domestic violence are physical, emotional, financial, identity, and sexual abuse which can turn into martial rape. Domestic violence often occurs when the culprit believes that abuse is justified and acceptable. Physical abuse is an act of another party involving contact intended to cause feelings of physical pain, injury, or other physical suffering or bodily harm. Examples are hitting, chocking, and biting, shoveling, arm twisting, slapping, kicking, and burning. Physical abuse also consent of holding your partner down preventing them from leaving, also smashing, damage, stealing, or selling their possession. I think everyone at some point of their relationship has been emotional abuse. Emotional abuse can be verbal or nonverbal. Emotional abuse is undermining an individual sense of self-worth; any use of words, voice, action, or lack action use to control, hurt,or demean another person. Some examples of emotional abuse include name calling, humiliation, screaming, controlling where the victim goes and what they do, and harassing. Another type of abuse is financial abuse. Financial abuse is any type of behavior that maintains power and control over finances. Examples of financial abuse are Domestic Violence Jones 5 controlling financial assets and effectively putting them on an allowance, damaging their partner credit score, preventing the victim from working, and taking credit cards, checks and money. Identity abuse is using personal characteristic to demean, manipulate, and control their partner. Examples are ridiculing partners physical challenges or exploring them, stating that their partner will never have another relationship because they are fat or ugly, and using stereotype and negativity. The last type is sexual abuse. Sexual abuse is any type any forced or coerced sexual act or behavior motivated to acquire power and control but also demeans or embrace your victim. Some example of sexual abuse is unwanted touching, forcing sex or sexual actions on your partner withoutconsent using force or roughness that is not consensual, forced sex which is also rape. Rape with an object, refusing to comply with the partners request for safe sex, treating their partner as a sex object, or withholding sex as a punishment. Victim The victim is a 29 year old black female with no job, her religion is Baptist, she has no handicap conditions, and she is a high school graduate. Her socioeconomic status is poor. The victim is married with four children. The victim stays in a 3 bedroom and 1 bathroom house. She describes her neighborhood as being okay. She is a homemaker and her husband is the financial provider. Her husband makes all final decision. Growing up her father occupation was a preacher and the mother was forces to quit her job. Her father is in jail and her mother is dead. She has two sisters. As a child the victims family stayed in an apartment complex. Before the crisis the victim describe Domestic Violence Jones 6 her family as being normal. She stated â€Å"We had the typical family my family was normal.† The victim revisited the time when they had a Halloween party. They did not go out for candy but her mom dressed up in a costume. They made popcorn balls and ate candy until their dad made it home. After that they watched a family movie then went to bed, that night they all slept in one room. The victims family is considered close knit. Her two sisters stay in apartments in bad neighborhoods. One of her sister has 4 children, she does not work, and she is engaged. The other sister has 3 children and is expecting one; she works at a fast food restaurant, and is engaged. The victim and her sisters were raised by their mom. Later that year in 1996 they moved in with their grandparents. All of the pain started when the victims father started using drugs. The victim father was on drugs very bad. She witnessed her father physical and verbal abusing her mother. He threw glass plates, slapped her in the face, threw her against the wall, and called her bitches and whores. At the age of 10 the victim started getting raped by her father. The first time he did it her mom was not a home they were there alone; she was watching TV. She stated â€Å"He grabbed me from the front room and said youare in big trouble.† She did not know what she did that was wrong. He took her into her mothers bedroom pulled her pants off and her underwear off and raped her. She saidâ€Å"The only thing she remembers is screaming and hollering.† She did not tell her mom. She told her best friend and made her promise not to tell anyone. The victim got pregnant at the age of 11. After her mom gained knowledge about the rape, she left only to find out she was pregnant by her father. The victims mother moved out of the state of Mississippi for two weeks. While she was Domestic ViolenceJones 7 out of the state her mother took her to have an abortion. They moved back to Mississippi and moved in with her parents. Two weeks after movingback her husband was coming to his in laws house begging her to come back making promises that he was not going to do drugs, he was not going to physical abuse her, or ever touch his daughter again. Shortly after that they all moved back in with their father. After a week of moving back in the father came home in a rage. Her parents begin arguing and during the argument he grabbed his shot gun. He left the room they was arguing in and went to the daughter’s bedroom, grabbed his oldest daughter from the bed by her ponytail and begin dragging her to the back room of their apartment. The sister ran out of the apartment once he grabbed the sister and dragged her to the back. Her mother begged and pleaded, crying â€Å"Please let her go, I’ll do anything.† The mother gained access of the daughter and they headed for the window. When the first gunshot went off she was pushing the screen out of the window, the second gunshot went off she push her daughter out of the window, the third gunshot went off when her mom was out of the window. They fell from a two story building. Her mothers last words were â€Å"Is my daughter okay. The victim was unconscious with a broken leg and a broke back. After the tragic accident her father fled the scene and went to his moms house. When the police arrested him he said, â€Å"The drugs made me do it.† The victim says â€Å"Not a day go by that she don’t think about her mom, she also stated that her mom birthdays and Mothers Day is the hardest day of the year for her.† One of the victim sisters did not remember much from that night; she remembers her dad coming in the room with a gun screaming. After she took her sister Domestic Violence Jones 8 out the room, her and the baby sister ran out the apartment andran down stairs and hid behind some bushes. The victim was unable to make her moms funeral because the condition that was inflicted on her; they recorded the funeral for her. Her father got life for the crimes he committed. The victim father committed plenty of the domestic violence crimes. Ethical Issues Ethical issue is a problem or situation that requires a person or organization to choose between alternatives that must evaluated as ethical or unethical. As a social worker many of the people we work with will be victims; most males will have battered their partners. Social workers find themselves being challenge by difficult ethical decision. Ethical perplexity comes about in situations when you have to choose between two or more relevant but contradictory ethical value. Personal ethics is ethics that a person identifies with respect so people and situations that they deal with in everyday life. Professional ethics refers to the ethics that a person must adhere to in respect of the interaction and business dealing in their professional life. Domestic violence perpetration would say if I can’t have you no one will; as a social worker that will be a threat. You will have to break confidentiality and protect a life. You can not influence your views of clients and affect the willingness to take action on the professions value base. When you become a social worker your personal values should be put aside for professional ones. The degree of conflict we experience will vary with the degree of personal commitment Domestic Violence Jones 9 and the deeper the commitment to personal value, the greater the possibility of conflict with professional value. (Grooch and Olsen, 1994 page 6) You have to remember that someone else may believe and something else. Social workers are expected to embrace a diversity of value and people. Policies The FVPSA (Family Violence Prevention and Service Act) is a bill is the only funding source dedicated to helping victims of domestic violence; they funds emergency shelter and related services and programs for domestic violence. The bill creates grant funding for states, tribes, and domestic violence coalitions. The bill support the needs of children exposed to violence it also addressprevention of children from victimization. Laws in Mississippi Mississippi have two domestic violence crimes simple domestic violence and aggravated domestic. A person is guilty of simple domestic violence if he or she commits a simple assault against a current or former spouse, child of a current or formal spouse, person with whom the offender lives or formerly lived as a spouse or as a child of that person, family member who lives or previously lived with the offender, person with whom the offender has a child. A person commies a simple assault if he or she attempts to physically injure another person, intentionally or recklessly cause physical injury to another, negligently causes bodily injury to another with a deadly weapon, or threatens another person, causing that person to feel afraid that he or she is about to suffer serious physical injury. (Mississippi Code 97-3-7) A reckless act is one that is committed, not Domestic Violence Jones 10 necessarily with intent to harm another, but without regard for the outcome. Pushing someone out of the way in a crowd so that you can get through, without intending to injury the person, could be an assault if the person falls and is injuries. A negligent act is one which is not intentional but which occurs because the actor fails to excise reasonable care. An accidental shooting can be a negligent assault if it results from a person not being careful enough when handling or firing a gun. Aggravated domestic violence is guilty of aggravated of domestic violence if he commits an aggravated assault against a spouse, family member, or romantic partner. A person commits aggravate assault if he or she attempt to cause serious bodily injury to another person. Intention or reckless cause’sserious bodily injury to another while acting with extreme indifferent to human life. Attempts or causes bodily injury to another person with a deadly weapon or by other means likely to cause death or seriously bodily injury, or causes injury to a child who is in the process of boarding or exiting a school bus if the offender has failed to stop for the bus according to traffic laws. (Mississippi Code 97-3-7) To act reckless is to act with extreme indifference to the value of human life, the actor does not need tointend to injure to the victim. He or she may attend to shot a person other than the victim but take no precautions to avoid hurting others. He or she may shoot a gun into a crowd appear menacing but without regard for whether he or she actually injuries someone in the crowd. To be reckless or to act with extreme indifference to human life is to act with extreme carelessness. Micro, Mezzo, and Macro Social work is divided into three practice micro, mezzo, and macro. Micro the smallest Domestic Violence Jones 11 group; the individual the victim. Mezzo deals with the neighborhoods, institution. Macro is the large group, the whole group deals with the communities. Intervention that might alleviate domestic violence should be applied at all three levels micro, mezzo, and macro. The micro level focuses on personal interaction with the victims on individual levels. Micro level could embrace a school social work counseling on an abuse student. As a social worker at the micro level you can help by empowering the person that you are helping with domestic violence. You should also build up their confidence find out what they are really good at. The mezzo level change people by ringing them together who are not as intimate as a couple, but can build and benefit from social network. The best thing to do as a social worker on the mezzo for domestic violence is group therapy. The macro level focuses on the general issues. Macro level is policy changing. Looking at domestic violence from the macro level is recognizing that the issue is recognizing that the issue of males control over women is throughout society. Macro deals with policy changes with law enforcement, protective order, prosecution, the churches, and the oppression of women. Domestic violence may occur at the micro level, but it is also a macro problem. Social workers are involved with violent families, but also must be working at a community level and on policies that will be less tolerate to domestic violence. Assessment is the evaluation or estimation of the nature, quality, or ability of someone or something. Domestic Violence Jones 12 Assessment Assess the immediate safety needs of the victim are you in danger Assess the pattern and history of the abuse How long has the violence been going on Asses the connection between domestic violence and the patents health issue What is the degree of the partners control Asses the victims current access to advocacy and support groups What resource you used or tried Assess victims safety; Is the future risk or death or significant injury or harm due to domestic violence Make sure the victim is safe Intervention Inventions Intervention is the action of process of intervening; interference by a country in anothers affair. Goals for effectively responding to domestic violence victims Increase victim safety Domestic Violence Jones 13 Listen to the patient and provide validating messages You dont deserve this Provide information about domestic violence to the patient Listen and respond the safety issues Show the patient a brochure about safety Make referrals to local resources Explain any advocacy and support systems Follow up steps for health care practitioners Keep contact with the patient Domestic Violence Jones 2 Abstract Domestic violence is one of the most unreported crimes due to fear of retaliation. Fear and promise for changes are what keep the victim in the relationship so long. Most victims think that if they leave their partner will harm them. This paper is about domestic violence and the social worker views of domestic violence. References Dr. Joan McClennan Social work and Family Violence 2010 Roberts R. Albert Handbook of Domestic Violence 2012 Rosenberg Jessica Working in Social Work 2009 Grooch and Olsen 1994